The absorption time of a medication varies depending on its form, purpose, and composition. Therefore, it is essential to follow medical and pharmaceutical guidelines.
In 2024, more than 220 million units of medicines for the digestive system and metabolism were sold in Brazil—an increase of 9.49% compared to 2023. This significant growth shows how drugs that tend to have specific coatings and gradual absorption versions are part of the treatment routine of millions of Brazilians. But have you ever stopped to think about why some drugs act quickly while others take longer?
The answer lies in the absorption time, which varies depending on the pharmaceutical form, composition, purpose of the drug, and, especially, the type of coating used.
Once a drug is administered, it needs to be absorbed by the body—that is, it needs to enter the bloodstream to reach the tissues where it will act. The time for this to happen can vary from minutes to hours, influenced by factors such as:
- The route of administration (oral, intravenous, sublingual, etc.);
- The presence of food in the stomach;
- The solubility and formulation of the drug; and
- The type of tablet coating.
Many medications targeting the gastrointestinal tract and metabolism have special coatings that control the release of the active ingredient. This is essential for two reasons:
- Protect the stomach from irritants, such as medications for gastritis, ulcers, and reflux, such as omeprazole and pantoprazole;
- Ensure that the active ingredient is absorbed only in the intestine, preventing it from being degraded by stomach acid.
In addition, metabolism drugs such as metformin (used to control type 2 diabetes) are often formulated with an extended-release coating, which allows for gradual absorption and a continuous effect over several hours.
According to Tiago de Moraes Vicente, CEO of PróGenéricos, in 2024 more than 20 million units of omeprazole were sold, while sales of metformin exceeded 30 million units.
Examples of absorption and types of medications
- Sublingual: placed under the tongue, they act within minutes—useful in emergency situations.
- Injectables: intravenous injections have immediate effect; intramuscular injections take 10 to 30 minutes to take effect.
- Oral with immediate release: tablets with onset of action in approximately 30 minutes to 2 hours.
- Extended release: common in medications for chronic diseases or gastrointestinal problems, they release the medication gradually.
Why are coatings important?
Tablets may contain coatings with specific functions, such as:
- Gastric protection: prevents the stomach from being damaged by acidic or irritating substances;
- Modified release: manages the effect of the medication differently than conventional methods, i.e., prolongs, retains, or maintains the release of the active ingredient in the body;
- Stability: protect against light, moisture, or oxidation;
- Improved taste: facilitates acceptance of treatment.
It is essential to follow medical and pharmaceutical guidelines, both in terms of the frequency and timing of doses and the method of administration. Changing the method of use—such as breaking or chewing coated tablets—can compromise absorption, the effectiveness of treatment, and even cause adverse effects.
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